What do these commands mean? The first line in each section begins with title xxxxx, and is fairly obvious! It is the text that is presented to the user as a menu item. The second line in all these examples is a find —set-root command. Note that this command can cause problems if you happen to have the file it is looking for on both your hard disk and your USB pen. It is often better to create a file with a unique name e. When grub4dos finds the file, it sets the current search path to that path — for instance if you had.
Possible devices are u,p,n,h,f,c. If no floppy drive or cd drive is present, then using the —devices switch to force grub4dos to search those devices may cause long timeouts of several minutes! See the bottom of this page for how to avoid this. The next line is a map command. BIOS devices are numbered where are floppy disks fd0-fd3,0xx9F are hd0-hd31, cd0 is 0xA0, etc.
Here are the grub4dos device references and numbers:. A detailed explanation of these map ped virtual device names and lots more can be found here. The map command takes effect when grub4dos comes to the end of a menu entry or executes the boot command. It will also take effect immediately within grub4dos if a map —hook command is executed.
It is important to understand how grub4dos maps your image. If this code tries to access a floppy disk drive, it will be accessing your image file instead. So you can map a 1. However, if you try to map memtest. Similarly, if you try to map a binary program instead of a floppy disk image as fd0 it will fail to load.
The map command will cause the file specified or device to be treated as a virtual device — any access to the device will cause a block seek to the correct place in the file — for this reason the file must be contiguous i. The best way to fix this is run WinContig. Another way to get around this, is to use the map —mem command — If you use this command the ISO file does not need to be contiguous but the whole ISO will be loaded into memory by grub4dos which will be much slower and also requires the system to have more memory.
For instance, the line. Note that if you map an ISO file or any file and the media is writable, it is possible to modify the contents of the ISO file, for instance. If you then run the same line again then it will produce.
Using ;; in a line is the equivalent of splitting the line into separate command lines, i. The grub4dos map command also supports. Only works if cd device is present. If they do not boot correctly e.
Here is the menu. Next line checks to see if we booted as a hard disk 80 and if so maps the boot device as a floppy disk.
Note that this also maps your internal hard disk hd1 to hd0 and so when it boots from the new floppy device fd0 , DOS will see only one hard disk your internal hard disk and one floppy disk your USB drive.
The next line is map —hook. This is where any previous map commands actually become activated and hooked into the BIOS. The map —hook command changes the BIOS interrupt pointers so that an access to the virtual device will actually access the file or device specified by the map device commands. If no map —hook command is specified in the menu, it will be automatically executed when grub4dos boots, so there is no need to use map —hook unless you need to access the mapped device first.
When setting a directory path, you must always include a device in the full path when using the root command e. It is good practice to always use root before you use chainloader , because root can establish some parameters when the device is mounted which is then used by the chainloader command. If root fails then use rootnoverify instead, e. The kernel command is an instruction to load a linux kernel which expects to be loaded into memory in a certain way; also we can pass parameters and values to the kernel by using a command line type syntax on the same menu line which will get passed to the linux kernel.
The kernel and initrd commands should always be the last two commands. If you wish to suppress the loading messages produced by kernel and initrd then precede the kernel and initrd lines with. The final line in the Ylmf menu is initrd , this is an initial ramdrive which is a temporary filesystem used in the boot process of the linux kernel — initrd and initramfs are both commonly used to make preparations before the real root filesystem can be mounted.
In this case it is set to the first partition of the virtual floppy disk drive which is the memtest As the memtest As we have mapped the whole file as a virtual floppy disk, when that boot sector code executes, it will try to access floppy disk sectors, but grub4dos has just mapped the floppy disk to the memtest Add —force if grub4dos gives an error due to a bad signature or incorrect format.
In this example, this line is actually not needed and the USB drive will boot to memtest without this line. Using root fd0 would fail though Error cannot mount selected partition. When grub4dos finishes a sequence of commands in a menu.
To check if a file is contiguous from within grub4dos, use the blocklist command. In the grub4dos menu, type C to get to the grub4dos command prompt and then use the blocklist command as shown below:. With grub4dos, you can have multiple menus. The menu shown below will allow the user to load one of three sub-menus.
TAG which you should place on the grub4dos boot drive. TAG anywhere, then it looks for menu. System memory locations can be read and obtained as a grub4dos variable like this:. The value obtained and placed in the variable m will be a bit 8 byte value. Often you may wish to read the value of a single byte, word or dword 4 bytes , you can do this as follows.
The md memory drive is directly mapped to system memory also. Note : The physical memory address range from 1M to 32M is reserved for grub4dos internal code and data. The default drive number for rd is 0x7F which is a floppy device.
Note that the ram drive base address will be set to the top of available memory by the map command regardless of what rd-base has been set. In and later versions of grub4dos, you can precede dd with the raw command which will prevent auto-decompression.
Normally rd-size is set to 0x 4GB by grub4dos. You do not need to change rd-size it in normal use. If you do change it, set it back to 0x afterwards. Recent versions of grub4dos see near end of the grub4dos readme file for more details also have the ability to set and use variables.
Variable names can be a maximum of 8 characters. If a 9-character name is used it will be shortened to 8 characters, e. Note:This example only works if you are using a version of grub4dos that treats ;; as a comment delimiter. Note : The version of grldr treats ;; the same as if there was a carriage return in the menu.
The debug off stops the result of the set calculation from being displayed on the screen. You could instead redirect to nul — e. Later versions of grub4dos have enhanced cat parameters which allow you to replace strings. Use doublequotes if you need a space or tab character, e. Strings can be enclosed in double-quotes if they contain spaces, e.
Note: If md 0x contains a compressed file e. Note: If using cat —hex, it may not always work if the first few bytes appear to resemble a compressed file header to grub4dos. In this case cat —hex will not output anything at all in pre-September versions of grub4dos!!! To always view the exact byte content a memory area or file, turn off the grub4dos decompression translation using:.
In and later versions of grub4dos, you can prepend commands like dd or cat with the raw command — e. The maximum size returned by retval is Note: cat —replace will only work if writes to the target device is permitted. Thus changing a menu. Try also errorcheck off and debug off to suppress unwanted values being printed on the screen.
You can use double-quotes with the set command to avoid grub4dos errors and have leading spaces — e. Here is an example of how to capture a hexadecimal text number, get it into a variable and perform maths on it:.
If you use a or later versions of grub4dos grldr file from chenall as in RMPrepUSB , then it will support the new command iftitle. This can be used to conditionally list menu entries and should work with gfxmenu systems too.
The syntax is:. You can use multiple statements e. Note that there must be no space after the [ and no space before the ] or it will not work correctly and you may get strange results. A working example would be:. Hi, thanks, this is the option I likely will follow. First delete the partition containing ubuntu system root drive and try repairing windows xp, this might help you. How to Create Professional Reports and Documents in Microsoft Word This guide examines the elements of a professional report and reviews the structuring, styling, and finalizing of your document in Microsoft Word.
Share Share Tweet Email. Related Topics Answers. MakeUseOf Articles Published. Michael Geary's answer is more complete. This answer led me to reset my PC unnecessarily once because I didn't know how to go to command prompt.
Remove-Item -Recurse. Felix Quehl Felix Quehl 2 2 silver badges 6 6 bronze badges. Only your answer worked for my case. Thanks for sharing this solution! This is the correct answer for systems with EFI, especially if you installed linux on a separate drive which is the optimal way to go.
Goodness, so many complicated answers out there and its really simple to do. I used Remove-Item ubuntu instead, like BlueDev did. Show 5 more comments. This was helpful in directing what I needed to do. I could delete the ubuntu partition in Windows using informaition from here: superuser. From a live usb stick, starting with efibootmgr -v, then using -b -B worked for me after 'fixmbr' from windows didn't seem to work, and that solution seemed a lot easier than some of the other solutions.
This is mind-blowingly the easiest way to get rid of a boot entry. Links are broken by the way. Removed broken links, add suggestion for example in man page for efibootmgr.
Herobrine2Nether Herobrine2Nether 81 1 1 silver badge 3 3 bronze badges. No long tutorials. How to do this - several solutions. For people wondering where to find this, go to your BIOS settings. First download Unetbootin and use it to make a bootable USB memory stick. Choose Freedos when prompted for a distribution to install on it. Download Testdisk for DOS don't pick the beta, but pick the stable version. Unzip the files testdisk. Boot your computer from the memory stick. At the Default window, simply press Enter.
Now FreeDOS is being launched. Then type: C: and Press Enter. Now type: testdisk and Press Enter. Select [No Log] and Press Enter. Select the hard drive concerned: usually the second option the first option is the memory stick itself and Press Enter. When prompted, type y yes and press Enter again. Now you're done!
Reboot your computer normally. Your computer should boot up Windows now. TheSchwa 3, 1 1 gold badge 22 22 silver badges 37 37 bronze badges. Welcome to AskUbuntu! As it appears this was a copy paste, please consider linking to the original page at the end of your answer. To uninstall or remove Vista Loader 2. Download UninstallVistaLoader. If your system depends on Vista Loader to activate successfully, you have to activate the system again after removing Vista Loader. Uninstallation and removal script above can be used to uninstall most Vista Loader versions too, from V2.
User can also manually remove and delete the related components of Vista Loader on hard disk by following procedures as below.
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